Astrocytic chloride regulates brain function in health and disease
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Chloride ions (Cl−) play a pivotal role in synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system, primarily mediated through ionotropic mechanisms. A recent breakthrough emphathizes the significant influence of astrocytic intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) regulation, a field still in its early stages of exploration. Typically, the [Cl−]i in most animal cells is maintained at lower levels than the extracellular chloride [Cl−]o, a critical balance to prevent cell swelling due to osmotic pressure. Various Cl− transporters are expressed differently across cell types, fine-tuning the [Cl−]i, while Cl− gradients are utilised by several families of Cl− channels. Although the passive distribution of ions within cells is governed by basic biophysical principles, astrocytes actively expend energy to sustain [Cl−]i at much higher levels than those achieved passively, and much higher than neuronal [Cl−]i. Beyond the role in volume regulation, astrocytic [Cl−]i is dynamically linked to brain states and influences neuronal signalling in actively behaving animals. As a vital component of brain function, astrocytic [Cl−]i also plays a role in the development of disorders where inhibitory transmission is disrupted. This review synthesises the latest insights into astrocytic [Cl−]i, elucidating its role in modulating brain function and its implications in various pathophysiological conditions.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 102855 |
Journal | Cell Calcium |
Volume | 118 |
Number of pages | 12 |
ISSN | 0143-4160 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author
- Astrocytes, Chloride, Epilepsy, GABA, Inhibition, Volume regulation
Research areas
ID: 384068151