Astrocytic chloride regulates brain function in health and disease
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Astrocytic chloride regulates brain function in health and disease. / Untiet, Verena.
In: Cell Calcium, Vol. 118, 102855, 2024.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Astrocytic chloride regulates brain function in health and disease
AU - Untiet, Verena
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Chloride ions (Cl−) play a pivotal role in synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system, primarily mediated through ionotropic mechanisms. A recent breakthrough emphathizes the significant influence of astrocytic intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) regulation, a field still in its early stages of exploration. Typically, the [Cl−]i in most animal cells is maintained at lower levels than the extracellular chloride [Cl−]o, a critical balance to prevent cell swelling due to osmotic pressure. Various Cl− transporters are expressed differently across cell types, fine-tuning the [Cl−]i, while Cl− gradients are utilised by several families of Cl− channels. Although the passive distribution of ions within cells is governed by basic biophysical principles, astrocytes actively expend energy to sustain [Cl−]i at much higher levels than those achieved passively, and much higher than neuronal [Cl−]i. Beyond the role in volume regulation, astrocytic [Cl−]i is dynamically linked to brain states and influences neuronal signalling in actively behaving animals. As a vital component of brain function, astrocytic [Cl−]i also plays a role in the development of disorders where inhibitory transmission is disrupted. This review synthesises the latest insights into astrocytic [Cl−]i, elucidating its role in modulating brain function and its implications in various pathophysiological conditions.
AB - Chloride ions (Cl−) play a pivotal role in synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system, primarily mediated through ionotropic mechanisms. A recent breakthrough emphathizes the significant influence of astrocytic intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) regulation, a field still in its early stages of exploration. Typically, the [Cl−]i in most animal cells is maintained at lower levels than the extracellular chloride [Cl−]o, a critical balance to prevent cell swelling due to osmotic pressure. Various Cl− transporters are expressed differently across cell types, fine-tuning the [Cl−]i, while Cl− gradients are utilised by several families of Cl− channels. Although the passive distribution of ions within cells is governed by basic biophysical principles, astrocytes actively expend energy to sustain [Cl−]i at much higher levels than those achieved passively, and much higher than neuronal [Cl−]i. Beyond the role in volume regulation, astrocytic [Cl−]i is dynamically linked to brain states and influences neuronal signalling in actively behaving animals. As a vital component of brain function, astrocytic [Cl−]i also plays a role in the development of disorders where inhibitory transmission is disrupted. This review synthesises the latest insights into astrocytic [Cl−]i, elucidating its role in modulating brain function and its implications in various pathophysiological conditions.
KW - Astrocytes
KW - Chloride
KW - Epilepsy
KW - GABA
KW - Inhibition
KW - Volume regulation
U2 - 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102855
DO - 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102855
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38364706
AN - SCOPUS:85185723161
VL - 118
JO - Cell Calcium
JF - Cell Calcium
SN - 0143-4160
M1 - 102855
ER -
ID: 384068151